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01 / MACHINING
Precision machining精密加工
Turning a design into a finished geometry requires attention to the features that define the part.关注决定产品结构的关键细节，将设计落实为加工几何形状。
ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURINGENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING
Where ideas
take shape.让设计，
成为实物。
Design discussion, precision machining and inspection — connected around the project.围绕项目，将设计沟通、精密加工与品质检测连接起来。
02 / PRODUCTION
Manufacturing in focus走近制造现场
A view of the machining and production environment behind the supplied product collection.了解产品组合背后的加工与生产环境。
03 / INSPECTION
Dimensional inspection尺寸检测
Measurement is part of the process. Inspection requirements are established against the agreed product specifications.将测量纳入过程，根据双方确认的产品规格明确检测要求。
INSIDE JND走近精耐德
See the process.
Understand the detail.看见制造过程，
理解产品细节。
A closer look at machining, production and inspection.近距离观察加工、生产与检测。
PRECISION MACHINING / THE PRODUCTION FLOOR精密加工 / 制造现场
SURFACE DETAILS
Coatings and surface finishes.
A closer look at the skirt.
Actual product photographs explore surface appearance and local coated areas.
Local skirt coating
Local coating on a dark surface
Surface appearance and ring-groove detail
Coating options are agreed according to application requirements and project specifications.
INSIDE JND
Material, work in progress and finished products.
Real footage from different stages of production.
Bar stock
Work in progress
Finished products
FROM DESIGN TO MACHINING从设计到精密加工
The specification guides the process.以技术规范，贯穿加工。
01
The manufacturing route确认制造路线
Forged-blank machining and billet machining follow different preparation routes. Material grade and the route are confirmed for each project.锻造毛坯加工与棒料加工采用不同的前期准备路线，材料牌号与制造路线按项目确认。
Explore this detail进一步了解 ↗02
Internal geometry and machining内腔结构与加工细节
Pockets, webs and pin-boss transitions are visible in the supplied product photographs. The design and machining approach are reviewed together.产品实拍呈现内腔、加强结构与销座过渡，结构设计与加工方案协同评审。
Explore this detail进一步了解 ↗03
Precision tolerances. ±1 g matching.精密公差 · ±1克配组
Drawing-based dimensional inspection and weight matching within ±1 g for specified matched sets support consistency from part to part.依据图纸进行尺寸检验，指定套件重量配组控制在±1克以内，关注每枚产品的一致性。
Explore this detail进一步了解 ↗MATERIALS & ENGINEERING材料与工程设计
Strength starts with the material.强度，从材料开始。
2618 forged aluminium2618 铝合金锻造
A dense forged structure designed for higher combustion pressures, temperatures and engine speeds. Selected products use 4032 or 2618 aluminium, with the alloy chosen for the application.致密的锻造结构，面向更高燃烧压力、温度与转速的应用。部分产品采用4032或2618铝合金，根据工况选择材料。
FEA-informed developmentFEA 辅助开发
Selected designs use finite element analysis to optimise stress distribution. Forging supports thinner-wall, weight-conscious designs while retaining the strength required by the application.部分设计通过有限元分析优化应力分布。锻造工艺支持更薄壁厚与减重设计，同时兼顾应用所需强度。
A controlled manufacturing route贯穿制造的过程控制
From raw-material forging to CNC finishing, process control and inspection focus on ring-groove quality, dimensional tolerances and consistency.从原材料锻造到CNC精加工，通过过程控制与检验关注环槽质量、尺寸公差及一致性。
Materials for demanding projects应对严苛项目的材料方案
Specialist projects can specify high-strength aluminium, steel or titanium-alloy solutions for the relevant piston or component. Material and component scope are defined for the application.针对特殊项目，可就相应活塞或配套部件确定高强度铝合金、钢或钛合金方案，具体材料及部件范围按应用确认。
SURFACE & FRICTION CONTROL表面处理与摩擦控制
Engineered beyond the metal.精密制造，延伸至表面。
Molybdenum skirt coating裙部钼涂层
Molybdenum skirt coatings help reduce friction and improve running-in. Selected skirt-coating configurations also help control operating noise.裙部钼涂层有助于降低摩擦、改善磨合过程；适用的裙部涂层方案也有助于控制运行噪音。
Application-specific treatments针对应用的表面处理
A range of surface treatments supports service life and reliability. The finish is selected with the material, running clearance and operating conditions.通过多种表面处理支持使用寿命与可靠性，结合材料、运行间隙及工作条件选择处理方案。
PRECISION & VALIDATION精度与验证
Consistency, part after part.每一枚，都关注一致性。
Weight matching within ±1 g重量配组控制在 ±1 克以内
Piston weight matching is controlled within ±1 g for specified matched sets. Precision tolerances and dimensional consistency are part of the agreed inspection requirements.指定配组套件的活塞重量配组精度控制在±1克以内，精密公差与尺寸一致性纳入双方确认的检验要求。
OEM experience. Racing development.原厂经验与赛车开发
JND brings OEM experience and OEM-level validation practices into performance piston development, supported by extensive R&D and motorsport resources.精耐德将原厂经验与主机厂级验证实践带入性能活塞开发，结合广泛研发测试及赛车运动资源支持。
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